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Causes of Mesothelioma

All cancers, including mesothelioma, begin with a genetic mutation that causes otherwise healthy cells to grow and multiply at a rate far greater than normal. Rather than new cells replacing old, these cells accumulate, ultimately forming a tumor. Cancer cells may break off and metastasize, or spread to other parts of the body. The genetic mutation of cells may be caused by a number of factors, including heredity, environment, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices. Although the exact cause of genetic mutation in mesothelioma is unknown, most cases of mesothelioma are believed to be caused by asbestos exposure.

Asbestos: A Primary Cause of Mesothelioma

Asbestos is a naturally occurring, fibrous mineral and a known carcinogen, historically used in insulation, construction, manufacturing, ship building, and the automotive industry. In such environments, asbestos particles floating in the air may easily be inhaled or swallowed, ending up in the lungs or abdomen. Inhaled particles settle in the lower portions of the lung, known as the pleura, where they can cause inflammation and scarring and lead to diseases like mesothelioma and asbestosis.

Even brief exposure to small amounts of asbestos can cause mesothelioma, although the risk increases significantly with heavier asbestos exposure over a prolonged period of time. The length of time between asbestos exposure and development of asbestos-related illness can be as long as 30 to 50 years.

While cases of asbestos exposure have occurred in household environments, working with asbestos is the single greatest cause of mesothelioma, with about 70 to 80 percent of all mesothelioma patients reporting exposure to asbestos at work. Millions of American workers have been exposed to asbestos, and their family members are also believed to be at risk through contact with the workers' contaminated hair and clothing.

Other Causes of Mesothelioma

Exposure to the minerals beryllium and zeolite is another potential cause of mesothelioma. And while there is no apparent connection between smoking and mesothelioma, smoking in combination with asbestos exposure does increase the risk for other types of respiratory cancer.